Gynecology and Obstetrics Pathology

Gynecologic Oncology

Gynaecologic Oncology is a specialized field that deals with cancers pertaining to the female genitalia and reproductive system. Ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer and vulvar cancer are all a part of gynaecologic oncology. According to the data collected by The Society of Gynecologic Oncology 8,200 women in the United States are affected by gynaecologic cancer annually. This number rose to 94,730 in the year 2015. Some of the ovarian malignant germ cell tumour are dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma, polyembryoma, choriocarcinoma and immature teratomas. Nowadays, cervical cancer is the most talked about gynaecologic cancer caused by Human Papillomavirus. In most of the cases cervical cancer is not even diagnosed in the first stage. It is often diagnosed in the later stages. Doctors nowadays suggest women who are above 40 years of age to go through Pap-smear tests every two years. The rate of survival in case of gynaecologic cancers is higher if it is detected in the early stages of the disease. Chemotherapy and radiations are often used to treat cancers and lesions in the reproductive tract. There are various complications that come in after the patient goes through chemotherapy. The most common gynaecological complications of pelvic radiation are ovarian failure in pre-menopausal women and vaginal stenosis (vs). followed by sexual dysfunction and menopause.