Gynecology and Obstetrics Pathology

Menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy

Menopause marks the natural cessation of menstrual cycles and fertility in women, typically occurring around age 50. It is characterized by hormonal changes, notably decreased estrogen and progesterone production, leading to symptoms like hot flashes, mood changes, and vaginal dryness. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) aims to alleviate these symptoms by supplementing hormones, primarily estrogen and sometimes progesterone, to mimic pre-menopausal hormone levels. HRT can be administered orally, transdermally, or vaginally, tailored to individual needs and health considerations. However, risks and benefits must be carefully weighed, as HRT has been associated with increased risks of breast cancer, heart disease, and blood clots in some women. Alternative therapies and lifestyle modifications are also recommended to manage menopausal symptoms effectively and promote long-term health and well-being.